The "Textus Receptus"
For the KJV New Testament, the Novum Instrumentum Omne (the "Received Text") by Erasmus was used.
Desiderius Erasmus of Rotterdam (1466-1536) was a Catholic theologian who used Greek manuscripts available in Basel, Switzerland to publish a revision of Jerome's Latin Vulgate (A.D. 405), which was the current Bible in use at that time. What was originally intended as a revision to the Vulgate became a very useful and popular printed source of the Greek New Testament.
Erasmus provided his Latin side-by-side with the Greek in printed form in 1516 as "Novum Instrumentum Omne," which translates to, "the Complete New Testament." From the publisher's preface came the phrase "Textum ergo habes, nunc ab omnibus receptum," meaning, "You have the text, now received by all," from which we get the vernacular names, "Textus Receptus" and "the Received Text."
The Novum Instrumentum Omne was revised in 1519, 1522, 1527, and 1535. It is the first edition which Martin Luther used for his German Bible. The publication of Tyndale's English Bible (KJV precursor) was in 1526-1534 and includes the Comma Johanneum of the 3rd edition which Luther excluded.
The Source Manuscripts of the TR
There were 8 manuscripts used for the first edition, all of which had originally come from Constantinople (in 1453). GA stands for Gregory-Aland and is a manuscript identification number.
Dating | Contents | GA # |
10th-11th C. | Pauline Epistles | 2817 |
12th C. | Four Gospels, Acts, Epistles | 1 |
12th C. | Four Gospels | 2 |
12th C. | Pauline Epistles | 2105 |
12th C. | Apocalypse (Revelation) | 2814 |
12th C. | Acts, Epistles | 2815 |
15th C. | For Gospels | 817 |
15th C. | Acts, Epistles | 2816 |
The Comma Johanneum
The third edition of Novum Instrumentum Omne was infamously supplemented by a contemporary (1520) manuscript, Codex Montfortianus (GA #61), which was only used for the extended text of 1 John 5:7-8, which was not in any of his existing manuscripts, and which Erasmus himself rejected as non-authentic in his "Annotationes."
Note: A primary source for this article was https://textandcanon.org/erasmus-and-the-search-for-the-original-text-of-the-new-testament, by Martin Heide, retrieved 3/06/2025. Other unrecorded sources were also used (mostly from my own library), but Heide's article was extremely helpful.
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